Ceramic-on-ceramic vs ceramic-on-polyethylene,a comparative study with 10-year follow-up

BACKGROUNDIn press-fit total hip arthroplasty (THA) ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings are a potential for overcoming the wear that is seen in ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoPE) bearings, and can lead to wear-induced osteolysis, resulting in loosening of the implant. However, CoC bearings show disadvantages as well, such as squeaking sounds and being more fragile, which can cause ceramic head or liner fracture. Because comparative long-term studies are limited, the objective of this study was to determine the long-term difference in wear, identify potential predictive factors for wear, investigate radiological findings such as osteolysis, and evaluate clinical functioning and complications between these bearings.AIMTo determine 10-year differences in wear, predictive factors for wear, and investigate radiological findings and clinical functioning between CoC and CoPE.METHODSThis observational prospective single-center cohort study with a 10-year follow-up includes a documented series of elective THAs. Primary outcome was wear measured by anteroposterior (AP) radiographs. Secondary outcomes were potential predictive factors for wear, complications during follow-up, Harris hip score (HHS), and radiological findings such as presence of radiolucency, osteolysis, atrophy, and hypertrophy around the cup. Due to the absence of wear in the CoC group, stratified analysis to identify risk factors for wear was only performed in the CoPE group by use of univariate linear regression analysis. HHS was expressed as a change from baseline and the association with bearing type was assessed by use of multivariate linear regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders.RESULTSA total of 17 CoPE (63.0%) and 25 CoC (73.5%) cases were available for follow-up and showed a linear wear of respectively 0.130 mm/year (range 0.010; 0.350) and 0.000 mm/year (range 0.000; 0.005), which was significant (P < 0.001) between both groups. Wear always occurred in the cranial direction. Cup inclination was the only predictive factor for polyethylene (PE) wear. No dislocations, ceramic head, or liner fractures were seen. The HHS showed a mean change from baseline of 37.1 points (SD 18.5) in the CoPE group and 43.9 (SD 17.0) in the CoC group. This crude difference of 6.8 (range -5.2; 18.7) in favor of the CoC group was not significant (P = 0.26) and was not significant when adjusted for age, gender, and diagnosis either (P = 0.99). No significant differences in complications and radiological findings were seen between groups. CONCLUSIONCoC bearing shows lower wear rates compared to CoPE at 10-year follow-up with cup inclination as a predictive factor for wear and no differences in complications, HHS, and radiological findings.     

Effects of total knee arthroplasty for primary knee osteoarthritis on postural balance: A systematic review

BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis is often related to physical function impairment. Although total knee arthroplasty is considered effective for advanced cases of knee osteoarthritis, its effects on postural balance is a topic of debate.Research questionWhat are the effects of total knee arthroplasty for primary knee osteoarthritis on postural balance compared to preoperative status and/or to healthy controls?.MethodsLongitudinal studies (with more than 1-month follow-up) assessing postural balance measures (either clinical-based such as balance scales or laboratory-based such as postural sway) were considered eligible and selected in a 2-phase process. Six main electronic databases were searched, complemented by 3 grey literature sources. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools.ResultsA total of 19 studies were included for qualitative synthesis, of which 14 had low and 5 had a moderate risk of bias. The follow-up period ranged from 1–24 months. Most studies (n = 11) presented comparisons to preoperative status only. From these, 7 studies reported relevant improvements in postural balance, 2 reported partial improvements, and 2 no improvements. The remaining studies (n = 8) presented comparisons to healthy controls and, although improvements following total knee arthroplasty were consistently observed, only one study reported postural balance measures comparable to that of controls.ConclusionsThe majority of studies reported relevant improvements (especially in clinical-based measures) compared to preoperative evaluations, although inconsistencies were found possibly due to variability in studies' populations, assessment tools, and follow-up times. Despite this, persistent deficits in postural balance were commonly observed when compared to healthy controls.SignificanceThis evidence synthesis could better inform clinicians and researchers about the therapeutic effects and limitations of total knee arthroplasty concerning postural balance. Standardization of assessment tools is recommended to strengthen the certainty of cumulative evidence.     

Total hip arthroplasty in acetabular fractures

Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is a well-accepted treatment for established hip arthritis following acetabular fractures. If a conservatively managed or operated case progresses to non-union/mal-union failing to restore the joint integrity, it may eventually develop secondary arthritis warranting a total hip arthroplasty. Also, in recent years, acute total hip arthroplasty is gaining importance in conditions where the fracture presents with pre-existing hip arthritis, is not amenable to salvage by open reduction and internal fixation, or, a poor prognosis is anticipated following fixation.There are several surgical challenges in performing total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fractures whether acute or delayed. As a separate entity elderly patients pose a distinct challenge due to osteoporosis and need stable fixation for early weight bearing alleviating the risk of any thromboembolic event, pulmonary complications and decubitus ulcer. The aim of surgery is to restore the columns for acetabular component implantation rather than anatomic fixation. Meticulous preoperative planning with radiographs and Computed Tomography (CT) scans, adequate exposure to delineate the fracture pattern, and, availability of an array of all instruments and possible implants as backup are the key points for success. Previous implants if any should be removed only if they are in the way of cup implantation or infected. Press fit uncemented modern porous metal acetabular component with multiple screw options is the preferred implant for majority of cases. However, complex fractures may require major reconstruction with revision THA implants especially when a pelvic discontinuity is present.     

Prevalence and risk factors of steatosis and advanced fibrosis using transient elastography in the United States' adolescent population

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents.AIM To determine the prevalence and risk factors of steatosis and advanced fibrosis using transient elastography(TE) in the United States' adolescent population.METHODS Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018, adolescent participants aged 13 to 17 years who underwent TE and controlled attenuation parameter(CAP) were included in this study. Forty-one factors associated with liver steatosis and fibrosis were collected. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to identify statistically significant predictors.RESULTS Seven hundred and forty participants met inclusion criteria. Steatosis(S1-S3), based on CAP, and advanced fibrosis(F3-F4), based on TE, were present in 27% and 2.84% of the study population, respectively. Independent predictors of steatosis grade included log of alanine aminotransferase, insulin resistance, waistto-height ratio, and body mass index. Independent predictors of fibrosis grade included steatosis grade, non-Hispanic black race, smoking history, and systolic blood pressure.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated a high prevalence of steatosis in the United States' adolescent population. Almost 3% of United States' adolescents had advanced fibrosis. These findings are concerning because a younger age of onset of NAFLD can lead to an earlier development of severe disease, including steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver decompensation.     

Phase angle values,a good indicator of nutritional status,are associated with median value of hemoglobin rather than hemoglobin variability in hemodialysis patients

BackgroundOur aim was to elucidate whether Hb variability affects nutritional status in HD patients.MethodsThis study included chronic HD patients (n = 76) with available monthly Hb levels up to 24 months prior to the body composition monitoring (BCM) measurement. The parameters obtained in the BCM included body mass index (BMI), lean tissue index (LTI), fat tissue index (FTI), body cell mass index (BCMI), overhydration/extracellular water ratio (OH), and phase angle (PhA). The coefficient of variation (Hb-CV), standard deviation (Hb-SD), and range of Hb (Hb-RAN) were used as indexes of Hb variability. In addition, minimum (Hb-Min), maximum (Hb-Max), average (Hb-Avg), and median (Hb-Med) Hb levels (g/dL) were analyzed.ResultsThere were no significant differences in clinical, biochemical, and nutritional indexes based on the Hb-CV level. Compared to patients with an Hb-Med ≤ 10.77, those with an Hb-Med >10.77 had higher albumin levels, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and PhA and lower average weekly prescribed darbepoetin. Age, female sex, OH, and darbepoetin dosage were negatively correlated with PhA. Serum albumin, phosphorus, TIBC, Hb-Med, and Hb-Avg were positively correlated with PhA. In multiple linear regression analysis, PhA was positively associated with Hb-Med and serum albumin level, whereas PhA was negatively associated with age and female sex. The area under the curve (AUC) of Hb-Med was 0.665 (p = 0.040) in predicting PhA >5.00°ConclusionsPhA was not affected by indexes of Hb variability, whereas PhA was associated with Hb-Med in chronic HD patients.     

预后营养指数对癌症患者预后的临床意义

营养与免疫不仅能够影响肿瘤细胞的发生、侵袭，而且对治疗方案的选择及患者的预后评估具有重要的临床意义。近些年来，许多临床研究结果表明预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index，PNI)对于评估癌症患者的生活质量及生存期具有重要的临床意义，而且PNI在肺癌、食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、卵巢癌等恶性肿瘤中预后评估价值已经得到临床研究证明。本文就PNI评估癌症患者预后的临床意义作一综述。     

3D打印全骶骨假体在全骶骨切除患者腰-髂稳定性重建中的应用

目的:评估3D打印全骶骨假体在全骶骨切除患者腰-髂稳定性重建中的应用价值。方法 :回顾性分析2015年1月～2018年12月于我中心接受全骶骨切除术的42例患者资料。根据重建方式将患者分为3组:假体重建组(14例)采用3D打印全骶骨假体重建,联合重建组(19例)采用包含前方椎体重建的联合重建方案,脊柱骨盆(SPF)重建组(9例)采用单纯SPF重建。比较三组患者的腰-髂稳定性(疼痛及运动功能评分)、内置物生存情况(内置物失败率及生存期)、手术安全性(手术时间、术中出血量及围手术期并发症发生率)。结果:术后平均随访时间为33.6±14.2个月。假体重建组手术平均耗时394.6±128.0min,术中出血量平均为3250.0±1711.4ml,共2例患者发生围手术期并发症。末次随访时,13例患者无需拐杖等辅助行走,12例患者无需使用止痛药。共4例患者发生影像学内置物失败,其中2例需行二次手术,1例因严重疼痛并伴有肿瘤复发接受二次手术,术中因假体与周围骨融合牢固而未取出假体;1例因严重疼痛及运动功能明显受损接受二次手术取出假体。假体重建组平均内置物生存期为49.3(95%CI 40.8～57.9)个月。相较于其他两组患者,假体重建组患者的腰-髂稳定性、内置物生存情况均与联合重建组相近(疼痛评分2.4±0.8 vs 2.3±0.7,P=0.59;运动功能评分2.4±0.6 vs 2.2±0.7,P=0.44;内置物失败率14.3%vs 5.3%,P=0.56;内置物生存期49.3 vs 59.4个月,P=0.28),并显著优于SPF重建组(疼痛评分2.4±0.8 vs 1.7±1.0,P=0.028;运动功能评分2.4±0.6 vs 1.3±0.7,P=0.001;内置物失败率14.3%vs 66.7%,P=0.023;内置物生存期49.3 vs 28.6个月,P=0.01),且不显著增加手术时间、术中出血及围手术期并发症发生率。结论:在全骶骨切除患者中应用3D打印全骶骨假体进行重建能够取得理想的腰-髂稳定性以及满意的内置物生存情况,同时不会增加手术风险。     

低频电刺激联合生物反馈治疗子宫切除术后盆底功能障碍的效果观察

目的 探讨低频电刺激联合生物反馈治疗(子宫全切或子宫次切)术后盆底功能障碍的临床效果。方法 选择2017年6月～2019年2月在我院诊断治疗的子宫全切或次全切术后盆底功能障碍的患者100例为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组50例。对照组实施盆底肌功能训练,观察组实施低频电刺激治疗及生物反馈治疗。比较两组治疗前后PFDI-20评分、最大尿流率、平均尿流率、排尿时间、残余尿、盆底电生理功能。结果(1)治疗后,两组PFDI-20评分较治疗前低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后PFDI-20评分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)治疗后,两组最大尿流率、平均尿流率均显著提高,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组排尿时间短于治疗前,残余尿量少于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,观察组相较于对照组,排尿时间更短,残余尿量更少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)治疗后,两组Ⅰ类肌纤维肌力、Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后Ⅰ类肌纤维肌力、Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 低频电刺激联合生物反馈治疗子宫切除术后盆底功能障碍可显著改善盆底电生理功能,改善排尿情况,改善症状。